First, water-saving irrigation status of the Yellow River Basin

As early as 3,000 years ago, humans have begun to take advantage of the Yellow River water for irrigation, creating a well-developed than in other regions at that time agricultural civilization. The Yellow River Yellow River irrigated areas due to the Loop, was known as "Beyond the Great South." However, due to various conditions, restrictions; until the new China was founded before the slow development of the Yellow River irrigation project. After the founding of New China, the rapid development of the Yellow River for irrigation, irrigated area by the new China was founded early 1200 mu, and now 1.2 million mu. Annual water volume of more than 30 billion cubic meters, accounting for annual runoff of the Yellow River over 50%. Since the age of 70 into the Yellow River water stop growing, water supply and demand become more prominent. But the Yellow River basin on the one hand there are still shortages of water, on the other hand the phenomenon of water but not too reasonable. From the Yellow River Basin irrigation point of view, the main irrigation canal irrigation in order to ground the total irrigated area of 3 / 4, most of them are taken to flood irrigation, water for irrigation of the total water consumption 4 / 5 or so. Water-saving irrigation area of only 2276 hectares, accounting for 20% of the total irrigated area.

The Yellow River irrigation water-saving irrigation development is very uneven. The highest proportion of water-saving irrigation in Shanxi, accounting for 51.52%, minimum of Inner Mongolia, accounting for 3.45%, major water users downstream of the two provinces of Henan and Shandong Yellow River irrigated area of 3,000 mu, but the water-saving irrigation area of less than 20% . At present, the Yellow River Irrigation District irrigation water utilization coefficient low, on average between 0.3 ~ 0.5 (developed countries up to 0.9 above).

Second, the factors that affect the water-saving irrigation

1. The impact of traditional values. Currently, in most parts of the Yellow River valley for thousands of years still clinging to the traditional irrigation techniques and methods, increase the water flooding, etc..

2. Irrigation low standard, aging disrepair. Most of the existing irrigation area of the Yellow River basin, built in around 60 years, and there are a considerable part of the legacy of history. These irrigation aging, degradation is very serious state of disrepair, and many projects have extended active duty, sick to run.

3. Extensive irrigation management, irrigation and backward technology. Currently over 90% of the Yellow River Basin still using flood irrigation, land leveling degree of poor irrigation management is extensive, especially Ning, Mongolia Loop and downstream irrigation area irrigated more serious. Following main features: Irrigation management institutions are not perfect, does not straighten out the management system, management system is flawed and the lack of a unified water resources regulation and unified management.

4. Low price of water contributes to the waste of water. At present, the majority of the Yellow River Basin Irrigation water standards are too low. Such as irrigation in Ningxia, in the past water standard of 0.001 yuan per cubic meter is raised to 0.002 yuan per cubic meter, per mu plus the levy income workers, paragraph 1.40, only 1 yuan per mu irrigation more than once. Henan, Shandong, a number of supporting the poor gravity irrigation district, is basically based on acres of fee income per mu per year is only 2 to 3 yuan.

5. Regional poverty impact of measures to promote water conservation. Yellow River in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Henan, Mongolia and other provinces (autonomous regions), are less developed central and western regions, areas of poverty, people's living standard is low, the government and the masses of water-saving investment is limited. According to an estimate, the development of irrigation need 900 ~ 1,100 yuan per mu, micro-irrigation need 1000 ~ 1200 yuan, pipe irrigation required 250 ~ 320 yuan, channel seepage 250 ~ 360 yuan needed, water-saving early investment is large, rely on the strength of these areas, the development of water-saving irrigation difficult.

Third, the Yellow River basin water-saving technical measures appropriate

A vast Yellow River Basin, irrigation area, and wide, regional physical geography and socio-economic conditions and poor water conditions have a larger

Different. All regions should be based on the actual situation and characteristics of this area, using the appropriate water-saving irrigation technology. In my opinion, present and future for a long period of time, surface irrigation will account for a large proportion (currently 90% above) and should therefore be to improve the surface irrigation technology-based, the following are several major irrigation area of the Yellow River basin water-saving irrigation My Opinion.

1. Water-saving irrigation measures

Ning, Meng Loop Yellow River upper reaches of the Yellow River Irrigation District Ning, Mongolia Loop Irrigation District irrigation scheduling high, mainly because: irrigation do not match, the channel seepage engineering small stretch of block is too large, the land is not flat and so on. The pilot, according to local data indicate that per-acre stretch of land for formation of a before and after the irrigation experiment, formation of the land after the formation of the land less than 41% of water; field engineering supporting good or bad, irrigation fixed difference of 3 times. Thus, do a good job supporting field projects, formation shrinking block, water-saving potential is great. The country is flat, gradient appropriate, to facilitate water, according to local socio-economic conditions, current and future period of time, suitable for water-saving engineering measures taken to first consider the complete field work, ground shrinkage block, and then gradually improve the anti-seepage drainage works and well integrated irrigation and drainage systems. In the socio-economic conditions and the continuous development of science and technology, may further promote the application of other high-performance water-saving new technology.

Shanxi, Shaanxi Fenwei a long history of irrigation in the area of irrigation, engineering, matching is relatively good, and have accumulated a large number of irrigation management experience. Since the 70s, most of the irrigation area are carried out in varying degrees, anti-seepage engineering construction, stem, branch, bucket three channels, the rate of about 50% of lining, in particular the anti-seepage of concrete U-channels, promoting the application of a substantial increase of the qu shui utilization factor (less soil drainage increased by 33%). In addition, Katada construction (ie auxiliary channels at all levels of the building is complete, the Big Dipper seepage of agricultural drainage using U-channels, the implementation of furrow irrigation, small border irrigation, and drainage, roads, trenches, wells, electricity, forest unified planning of farmland infrastructure) and the low-pressure pipe irrigation water and self-pressure spray irrigation, etc. have also made a relatively good experience, but these water-saving irrigation technology penetration is not high. The area is Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces rich regions, water-saving irrigation has a certain basis, the current water-saving projects appropriate measures should be taken to further improve the anti-seepage of concrete U-channel for the promotion and application, construction, drainage, roads, ditch, wells, electricity, forest six with early resumption of the high and stable yield flood protection fields, while taking advantage of terrain conditions, the progressive development of low-pressure pipelines and the self-pressure spray micro-irrigation, with the continuous development of society and the economy will further promote the use of other efficient water-saving new technology .

Downstream of the Lower Yellow River Irrigation Area of the Yellow River irrigated area are mostly built up in the fifties on behalf of the project supporting poor. The relatively flat area on the ground by the impact of deposition of the Yellow River flooding, the entire region of small non-Ohira